UN SDSN: Why is Europe’s Sustainable Development Slowing?

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Europe's progress on SDGs is slowing - Credit: SDSN
The SDSN says Europe’s progress on SDGs has slowed and countries must look to collaborate and scale up investments in green and digital technologies

The UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network’s (SDSN) sixth Europe Sustainable Development Report (ESDR) for 2025 shows persistent ESG challenges across Europe

The report looks at the progress of EU member states, European Free Trade Agreement countries, candidate countries and the UK on sustainable development goals. 

It says there is a slow pace of convergence in SDG outcomes across European countries.

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The report also identifies five major challenges:

  • Stagnation and even reversal of progress on Leave-No-One-Behind indicators since 2020
  • Persisting challenges related to environmental and biodiversity goals, including sustainable food and land systems
  • Negative impacts from unsustainable consumption and supply chains via international spillover effects
  • Large gaps and a slow pace of convergence in SDG outcomes across European countries
  • Slow progress and even reversal in progress on some indicators under SDG16 and SDG17.

“Prepared by teams of independent experts at the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, it provides an independent quantitative assessment of the progress of the European Union, its member states and partner countries towards the Sustainable Development Goals,” explains Adam Savitz, Senior Partner at Wipro.

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How European countries are handling SDGs

In the report, Finland achieved the highest SDG Index score at 81.1, followed closely by Denmark, Sweden, Austria and Norway. 

Germany achieved a score of 75.0, the United Kingdom stands at 72.2, France with 73.9 and Italy 72.3. 

The lowest scores on the list are Türkiye with 59.1, North Macedonia with 62.5 and Cyprus with 62.7.

Results of the Leave-no-one-behind Index for Europe 2025 - Credit: UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network

Indicators that have made the most progress since 2015 include percentage of individuals who use the internet to make appointments with a practitioner, households with broadband access, positions held by women in senior management positions, gross disposable income and unemployment rate. 

Indicators with the worst regression since 2015 include variations in mathematics performance explained by students’ socioeconomic status, underachievers in mathematics, the Press Freedom Index and a gap in self-reported health by income. 

The report says that it will take EU Candidate Countries 66 years to catch up with Northern Europe, the continent’s top performing sub-region.

Number of years required for sub-regions to catch-up with top performing European sub-region (Northern Europe), in years - Credit: UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network

“The European Commission needs to consider this upsetting status of SDG progress in Europe when thinking about the scope and scale of the upcoming omnibus simplification package,” says Andreas Rasche, Professor and Associate Dean at Copenhagen Business School.

Andreas Rasche, Professor and Associate Dean at Copenhagen Business School

What is needed for SDG progress?

The report says: “Most fundamentally, peace, good governance and international cooperation underpin the achievement of the SDGs in Europe and globally.”

No single nation can achieve the aspirations of the SDGs alone, so countries must be willing to work together to progress development. 

The report calls for a “European deal of the future” to be green, social and international. 

It also says that the period leading to the year 2029 must include four priorities:

  • Collectively scaling up investments in clean energy and digital technologies
  • Strengthening pro-social measures to address the stagnation of the “leave no one behind” principle
  • Address the negative health and environmental impacts of unsustainable consumption, particularly through prioritising a just transition towards healthier and more sustainable diets
  • Harness SDG and Green Deal Diplomacy with all regions and support an ambitious reform of the GFA.

The European Commission is implementing a number of measures to address these challenges including its Competitiveness Compass and a proposed omnibus to simplify regulations.


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